/* * Copyright (C) 2022 NHR@FAU, University Erlangen-Nuremberg. * All rights reserved. This file is part of MD-Bench. * Use of this source code is governed by a LGPL-3.0 * license that can be found in the LICENSE file. */ extern "C" { #include //--- #include #include //--- #include //--- #include #include #include #include #include #include #include } extern "C" { MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_x; MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_v; MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_f; int *cuda_neighbors; int *cuda_numneigh; int *cuda_natoms; int *natoms; int *ngatoms; int *cuda_border_map; int *cuda_jclusters_natoms; MD_FLOAT *cuda_bbminx, *cuda_bbmaxx; MD_FLOAT *cuda_bbminy, *cuda_bbmaxy; MD_FLOAT *cuda_bbminz, *cuda_bbmaxz; int *cuda_PBCx, *cuda_PBCy, *cuda_PBCz; int isReneighboured; int *cuda_iclusters; int *cuda_nclusters; int cuda_max_scl; MD_FLOAT *cuda_scl_x; MD_FLOAT *cuda_scl_v; MD_FLOAT *cuda_scl_f; extern void alignDataToSuperclusters(Atom *atom); extern void alignDataFromSuperclusters(Atom *atom); extern double computeForceLJSup_cuda(Parameter *param, Atom *atom, Neighbor *neighbor, Stats *stats); } extern __global__ void cudaInitialIntegrateSup_warp(MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_x, MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_v, MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_f, int *cuda_nclusters, int *cuda_natoms, int Nsclusters_local, MD_FLOAT dtforce, MD_FLOAT dt); extern __global__ void cudaFinalIntegrateSup_warp(MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_v, MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_f, int *cuda_nclusters, int *cuda_natoms, int Nsclusters_local, MD_FLOAT dtforce); extern "C" void initDevice(Atom *atom, Neighbor *neighbor) { cuda_assert("cudaDeviceSetup", cudaDeviceReset()); cuda_assert("cudaDeviceSetup", cudaSetDevice(0)); cuda_cl_x = (MD_FLOAT *) allocateGPU(atom->Nclusters_max * CLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); cuda_cl_v = (MD_FLOAT *) allocateGPU(atom->Nclusters_max * CLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); cuda_cl_f = (MD_FLOAT *) allocateGPU(atom->Nclusters_max * CLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); cuda_natoms = (int *) allocateGPU(atom->Nclusters_max * sizeof(int)); cuda_jclusters_natoms = (int *) allocateGPU(atom->Nclusters_max * sizeof(int)); cuda_border_map = (int *) allocateGPU(atom->Nclusters_max * sizeof(int)); cuda_PBCx = (int *) allocateGPU(atom->Nclusters_max * sizeof(int)); cuda_PBCy = (int *) allocateGPU(atom->Nclusters_max * sizeof(int)); cuda_PBCz = (int *) allocateGPU(atom->Nclusters_max * sizeof(int)); cuda_numneigh = (int *) allocateGPU(atom->Nclusters_max * sizeof(int)); cuda_neighbors = (int *) allocateGPU(atom->Nclusters_max * neighbor->maxneighs * sizeof(int)); natoms = (int *) malloc(atom->Nclusters_max * sizeof(int)); ngatoms = (int *) malloc(atom->Nclusters_max * sizeof(int)); isReneighboured = 1; #ifdef USE_SUPER_CLUSTERS cuda_max_scl = atom->Nsclusters_max; cuda_iclusters = (int *) allocateGPU(atom->Nsclusters_max * SCLUSTER_SIZE * sizeof(int)); cuda_nclusters = (int *) allocateGPU(atom->Nsclusters_max * sizeof(int)); cuda_scl_x = (MD_FLOAT *) allocateGPU(atom->Nsclusters_max * SCLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); cuda_scl_v = (MD_FLOAT *) allocateGPU(atom->Nsclusters_max * SCLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); cuda_scl_f = (MD_FLOAT *) allocateGPU(atom->Nsclusters_max * SCLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); #endif //USE_SUPER_CLUSTERS } extern "C" void copyDataToCUDADevice(Atom *atom) { DEBUG_MESSAGE("copyDataToCUDADevice start\r\n"); memcpyToGPU(cuda_cl_x, atom->cl_x, atom->Nclusters_max * CLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); memcpyToGPU(cuda_cl_v, atom->cl_v, atom->Nclusters_max * CLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); memcpyToGPU(cuda_cl_f, atom->cl_f, atom->Nclusters_max * CLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); for(int ci = 0; ci < atom->Nclusters_local; ci++) { natoms[ci] = atom->iclusters[ci].natoms; } memcpyToGPU(cuda_natoms, natoms, atom->Nclusters_local * sizeof(int)); int jfac = MAX(1, CLUSTER_N / CLUSTER_M); int ncj = atom->Nclusters_local / jfac; for(int cg = 0; cg < atom->Nclusters_ghost; cg++) { const int cj = ncj + cg; ngatoms[cg] = atom->jclusters[cj].natoms; } memcpyToGPU(cuda_jclusters_natoms, ngatoms, atom->Nclusters_ghost * sizeof(int)); memcpyToGPU(cuda_border_map, atom->border_map, atom->Nclusters_ghost * sizeof(int)); memcpyToGPU(cuda_PBCx, atom->PBCx, atom->Nclusters_ghost * sizeof(int)); memcpyToGPU(cuda_PBCy, atom->PBCy, atom->Nclusters_ghost * sizeof(int)); memcpyToGPU(cuda_PBCz, atom->PBCz, atom->Nclusters_ghost * sizeof(int)); #ifdef USE_SUPER_CLUSTERS alignDataToSuperclusters(atom); if (cuda_max_scl < atom->Nsclusters_max) { cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_scl_x)); cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_scl_v)); cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_scl_f)); cuda_max_scl = atom->Nsclusters_max; cuda_iclusters = (int *) allocateGPU(atom->Nsclusters_max * SCLUSTER_SIZE * sizeof(int)); cuda_nclusters = (int *) allocateGPU(atom->Nsclusters_max * sizeof(int)); cuda_scl_x = (MD_FLOAT *) allocateGPU(atom->Nsclusters_max * SCLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); cuda_scl_v = (MD_FLOAT *) allocateGPU(atom->Nsclusters_max * SCLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); cuda_scl_f = (MD_FLOAT *) allocateGPU(atom->Nsclusters_max * SCLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); } memcpyToGPU(cuda_scl_x, atom->scl_x, atom->Nsclusters_max * SCLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); memcpyToGPU(cuda_scl_v, atom->scl_v, atom->Nsclusters_max * SCLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); memcpyToGPU(cuda_scl_f, atom->scl_f, atom->Nsclusters_max * SCLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); #endif //USE_SUPER_CLUSTERS DEBUG_MESSAGE("copyDataToCUDADevice stop\r\n"); } extern "C" void copyDataFromCUDADevice(Atom *atom) { DEBUG_MESSAGE("copyDataFromCUDADevice start\r\n"); memcpyFromGPU(atom->cl_x, cuda_cl_x, atom->Nclusters_max * CLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); memcpyFromGPU(atom->cl_v, cuda_cl_v, atom->Nclusters_max * CLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); memcpyFromGPU(atom->cl_f, cuda_cl_f, atom->Nclusters_max * CLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); #ifdef USE_SUPER_CLUSTERS memcpyFromGPU(atom->scl_x, cuda_scl_x, atom->Nsclusters_max * SCLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); memcpyFromGPU(atom->scl_v, cuda_scl_v, atom->Nsclusters_max * SCLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); memcpyFromGPU(atom->scl_f, cuda_scl_f, atom->Nsclusters_max * SCLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); alignDataFromSuperclusters(atom); #endif //USE_SUPER_CLUSTERS DEBUG_MESSAGE("copyDataFromCUDADevice stop\r\n"); } extern "C" void cudaDeviceFree() { cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_cl_x)); cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_cl_v)); cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_cl_f)); cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_numneigh)); cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_neighbors)); cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_natoms)); cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_border_map)); cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_jclusters_natoms)); cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_PBCx)); cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_PBCy)); cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_PBCz)); free(natoms); free(ngatoms); #ifdef USE_SUPER_CLUSTERS cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_scl_x)); cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_scl_v)); cuda_assert("cudaDeviceFree", cudaFree(cuda_scl_f)); #endif //USE_SUPER_CLUSTERS } __global__ void cudaInitialIntegrate_warp(MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_x, MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_v, MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_f, int *cuda_natoms, int Nclusters_local, MD_FLOAT dtforce, MD_FLOAT dt) { unsigned int ci_pos = blockDim.x * blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x; if (ci_pos >= Nclusters_local) return; int ci_vec_base = CI_VECTOR_BASE_INDEX(ci_pos); MD_FLOAT *ci_x = &cuda_cl_x[ci_vec_base]; MD_FLOAT *ci_v = &cuda_cl_v[ci_vec_base]; MD_FLOAT *ci_f = &cuda_cl_f[ci_vec_base]; for (int cii = 0; cii < cuda_natoms[ci_pos]; cii++) { ci_v[CL_X_OFFSET + cii] += dtforce * ci_f[CL_X_OFFSET + cii]; ci_v[CL_Y_OFFSET + cii] += dtforce * ci_f[CL_Y_OFFSET + cii]; ci_v[CL_Z_OFFSET + cii] += dtforce * ci_f[CL_Z_OFFSET + cii]; ci_x[CL_X_OFFSET + cii] += dt * ci_v[CL_X_OFFSET + cii]; ci_x[CL_Y_OFFSET + cii] += dt * ci_v[CL_Y_OFFSET + cii]; ci_x[CL_Z_OFFSET + cii] += dt * ci_v[CL_Z_OFFSET + cii]; } } __global__ void cudaUpdatePbc_warp(MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_x, int *cuda_border_map, int *cuda_jclusters_natoms, int *cuda_PBCx, int *cuda_PBCy, int *cuda_PBCz, int Nclusters_local, int Nclusters_ghost, MD_FLOAT param_xprd, MD_FLOAT param_yprd, MD_FLOAT param_zprd) { unsigned int cg = blockDim.x * blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x; if (cg >= Nclusters_ghost) return; int jfac = MAX(1, CLUSTER_N / CLUSTER_M); int ncj = Nclusters_local / jfac; MD_FLOAT xprd = param_xprd; MD_FLOAT yprd = param_yprd; MD_FLOAT zprd = param_zprd; const int cj = ncj + cg; int cj_vec_base = CJ_VECTOR_BASE_INDEX(cj); int bmap_vec_base = CJ_VECTOR_BASE_INDEX(cuda_border_map[cg]); MD_FLOAT *cj_x = &cuda_cl_x[cj_vec_base]; MD_FLOAT *bmap_x = &cuda_cl_x[bmap_vec_base]; for(int cjj = 0; cjj < cuda_jclusters_natoms[cg]; cjj++) { cj_x[CL_X_OFFSET + cjj] = bmap_x[CL_X_OFFSET + cjj] + cuda_PBCx[cg] * xprd; cj_x[CL_Y_OFFSET + cjj] = bmap_x[CL_Y_OFFSET + cjj] + cuda_PBCy[cg] * yprd; cj_x[CL_Z_OFFSET + cjj] = bmap_x[CL_Z_OFFSET + cjj] + cuda_PBCz[cg] * zprd; } } __global__ void cudaUpdatePbcSup_warp(MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_x, int *cuda_border_map, int *cuda_jclusters_natoms, int *cuda_PBCx, int *cuda_PBCy, int *cuda_PBCz, int Nsclusters_local, int Nclusters_ghost, MD_FLOAT param_xprd, MD_FLOAT param_yprd, MD_FLOAT param_zprd) { unsigned int cg = blockDim.x * blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x; if (cg >= Nclusters_ghost) return; //int jfac = MAX(1, CLUSTER_N / CLUSTER_M); int jfac = SCLUSTER_SIZE / CLUSTER_M; int ncj = Nsclusters_local / jfac; MD_FLOAT xprd = param_xprd; MD_FLOAT yprd = param_yprd; MD_FLOAT zprd = param_zprd; const int cj = ncj + cg; int cj_vec_base = CJ_VECTOR_BASE_INDEX(cj); int bmap_vec_base = CJ_VECTOR_BASE_INDEX(cuda_border_map[cg]); MD_FLOAT *cj_x = &cuda_cl_x[cj_vec_base]; MD_FLOAT *bmap_x = &cuda_cl_x[bmap_vec_base]; for(int cjj = 0; cjj < cuda_jclusters_natoms[cg]; cjj++) { cj_x[CL_X_OFFSET + cjj] = bmap_x[CL_X_OFFSET + cjj] + cuda_PBCx[cg] * xprd; cj_x[CL_Y_OFFSET + cjj] = bmap_x[CL_Y_OFFSET + cjj] + cuda_PBCy[cg] * yprd; cj_x[CL_Z_OFFSET + cjj] = bmap_x[CL_Z_OFFSET + cjj] + cuda_PBCz[cg] * zprd; } } __global__ void computeForceLJ_cuda_warp(MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_x, MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_f, int Nclusters_local, int Nclusters_max, int *cuda_numneigh, int *cuda_neighs, int half_neigh, int maxneighs, MD_FLOAT cutforcesq, MD_FLOAT sigma6, MD_FLOAT epsilon) { unsigned int ci_pos = blockDim.x * blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x; unsigned int cii_pos = blockDim.y * blockIdx.y + threadIdx.y; unsigned int cjj_pos = blockDim.z * blockIdx.z + threadIdx.z; if ((ci_pos >= Nclusters_local) || (cii_pos >= CLUSTER_M) || (cjj_pos >= CLUSTER_N)) return; int ci_cj0 = CJ0_FROM_CI(ci_pos); int ci_vec_base = CI_VECTOR_BASE_INDEX(ci_pos); MD_FLOAT *ci_x = &cuda_cl_x[ci_vec_base]; MD_FLOAT *ci_f = &cuda_cl_f[ci_vec_base]; int numneighs = cuda_numneigh[ci_pos]; for(int k = 0; k < numneighs; k++) { int cj = (&cuda_neighs[ci_pos * maxneighs])[k]; int cj_vec_base = CJ_VECTOR_BASE_INDEX(cj); MD_FLOAT *cj_x = &cuda_cl_x[cj_vec_base]; MD_FLOAT *cj_f = &cuda_cl_f[cj_vec_base]; MD_FLOAT xtmp = ci_x[CL_X_OFFSET + cii_pos]; MD_FLOAT ytmp = ci_x[CL_Y_OFFSET + cii_pos]; MD_FLOAT ztmp = ci_x[CL_Z_OFFSET + cii_pos]; MD_FLOAT fix = 0; MD_FLOAT fiy = 0; MD_FLOAT fiz = 0; int cond; #if CLUSTER_M == CLUSTER_N cond = half_neigh ? (ci_cj0 != cj || cii_pos < cjj_pos) : (ci_cj0 != cj || cii_pos != cjj_pos); #elif CLUSTER_M < CLUSTER_N cond = half_neigh ? (ci_cj0 != cj || cii_pos + CLUSTER_M * (ci_pos & 0x1) < cjj_pos) : (ci_cj0 != cj || cii_pos + CLUSTER_M * (ci_pos & 0x1) != cjj_pos); #endif if(cond) { MD_FLOAT delx = xtmp - cj_x[CL_X_OFFSET + cjj_pos]; MD_FLOAT dely = ytmp - cj_x[CL_Y_OFFSET + cjj_pos]; MD_FLOAT delz = ztmp - cj_x[CL_Z_OFFSET + cjj_pos]; MD_FLOAT rsq = delx * delx + dely * dely + delz * delz; if(rsq < cutforcesq) { MD_FLOAT sr2 = 1.0 / rsq; MD_FLOAT sr6 = sr2 * sr2 * sr2 * sigma6; MD_FLOAT force = 48.0 * sr6 * (sr6 - 0.5) * sr2 * epsilon; if(half_neigh) { atomicAdd(&cj_f[CL_X_OFFSET + cjj_pos], -delx * force); atomicAdd(&cj_f[CL_Y_OFFSET + cjj_pos], -dely * force); atomicAdd(&cj_f[CL_Z_OFFSET + cjj_pos], -delz * force); } fix += delx * force; fiy += dely * force; fiz += delz * force; atomicAdd(&ci_f[CL_X_OFFSET + cii_pos], fix); atomicAdd(&ci_f[CL_Y_OFFSET + cii_pos], fiy); atomicAdd(&ci_f[CL_Z_OFFSET + cii_pos], fiz); } } } } __global__ void cudaFinalIntegrate_warp(MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_v, MD_FLOAT *cuda_cl_f, int *cuda_natoms, int Nclusters_local, MD_FLOAT dtforce) { unsigned int ci_pos = blockDim.x * blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x; if (ci_pos >= Nclusters_local) return; int ci_vec_base = CI_VECTOR_BASE_INDEX(ci_pos); MD_FLOAT *ci_v = &cuda_cl_v[ci_vec_base]; MD_FLOAT *ci_f = &cuda_cl_f[ci_vec_base]; for (int cii = 0; cii < cuda_natoms[ci_pos]; cii++) { ci_v[CL_X_OFFSET + cii] += dtforce * ci_f[CL_X_OFFSET + cii]; ci_v[CL_Y_OFFSET + cii] += dtforce * ci_f[CL_Y_OFFSET + cii]; ci_v[CL_Z_OFFSET + cii] += dtforce * ci_f[CL_Z_OFFSET + cii]; } } extern "C" void cudaInitialIntegrate(Parameter *param, Atom *atom) { const int threads_num = 16; dim3 block_size = dim3(threads_num, 1, 1); #ifdef USE_SUPER_CLUSTERS dim3 grid_size = dim3(atom->Nsclusters_local/(threads_num)+1, 1, 1); cudaInitialIntegrateSup_warp<<>>(cuda_scl_x, cuda_scl_v, cuda_scl_f, cuda_nclusters, cuda_natoms, atom->Nsclusters_local, param->dtforce, param->dt); #else dim3 grid_size = dim3(atom->Nclusters_local/(threads_num)+1, 1, 1); cudaInitialIntegrate_warp<<>>(cuda_cl_x, cuda_cl_v, cuda_cl_f, cuda_natoms, atom->Nclusters_local, param->dtforce, param->dt); #endif //USE_SUPER_CLUSTERS cuda_assert("cudaInitialIntegrate", cudaPeekAtLastError()); cuda_assert("cudaInitialIntegrate", cudaDeviceSynchronize()); } /* update coordinates of ghost atoms */ /* uses mapping created in setupPbc */ extern "C" void cudaUpdatePbc(Atom *atom, Parameter *param) { const int threads_num = 512; dim3 block_size = dim3(threads_num, 1, 1);; dim3 grid_size = dim3(atom->Nclusters_ghost/(threads_num)+1, 1, 1); #ifdef USE_SUPER_CLUSTERS cudaUpdatePbcSup_warp<<>>(cuda_scl_x, cuda_border_map, cuda_jclusters_natoms, cuda_PBCx, cuda_PBCy, cuda_PBCz, atom->Nclusters_local, atom->Nclusters_ghost, param->xprd, param->yprd, param->zprd); #else cudaUpdatePbc_warp<<>>(cuda_cl_x, cuda_border_map, cuda_jclusters_natoms, cuda_PBCx, cuda_PBCy, cuda_PBCz, atom->Nclusters_local, atom->Nclusters_ghost, param->xprd, param->yprd, param->zprd); #endif //USE_SUPER_CLUSTERS cuda_assert("cudaUpdatePbc", cudaPeekAtLastError()); cuda_assert("cudaUpdatePbc", cudaDeviceSynchronize()); } extern "C" double computeForceLJ_cuda(Parameter *param, Atom *atom, Neighbor *neighbor, Stats *stats) { MD_FLOAT cutforcesq = param->cutforce * param->cutforce; MD_FLOAT sigma6 = param->sigma6; MD_FLOAT epsilon = param->epsilon; memsetGPU(cuda_cl_f, 0, atom->Nclusters_max * CLUSTER_M * 3 * sizeof(MD_FLOAT)); if (isReneighboured) { for(int ci = 0; ci < atom->Nclusters_local; ci++) { memcpyToGPU(&cuda_numneigh[ci], &neighbor->numneigh[ci], sizeof(int)); memcpyToGPU(&cuda_neighbors[ci * neighbor->maxneighs], &neighbor->neighbors[ci * neighbor->maxneighs], neighbor->numneigh[ci] * sizeof(int)); } isReneighboured = 0; } const int threads_num = 1; dim3 block_size = dim3(threads_num, CLUSTER_M, CLUSTER_N); dim3 grid_size = dim3(atom->Nclusters_local/threads_num+1, 1, 1); double S = getTimeStamp(); LIKWID_MARKER_START("force"); computeForceLJ_cuda_warp<<>>(cuda_cl_x, cuda_cl_f, atom->Nclusters_local, atom->Nclusters_max, cuda_numneigh, cuda_neighbors, neighbor->half_neigh, neighbor->maxneighs, cutforcesq, sigma6, epsilon); cuda_assert("computeForceLJ_cuda", cudaPeekAtLastError()); cuda_assert("computeForceLJ_cuda", cudaDeviceSynchronize()); LIKWID_MARKER_STOP("force"); double E = getTimeStamp(); return E-S; } extern "C" void cudaFinalIntegrate(Parameter *param, Atom *atom) { const int threads_num = 16; dim3 block_size = dim3(threads_num, 1, 1); #ifdef USE_SUPER_CLUSTERS dim3 grid_size = dim3(atom->Nsclusters_local/(threads_num)+1, 1, 1); cudaFinalIntegrateSup_warp<<>>(cuda_scl_v, cuda_scl_f, cuda_nclusters, cuda_natoms, atom->Nsclusters_local, param->dt); #else dim3 grid_size = dim3(atom->Nclusters_local/(threads_num)+1, 1, 1); cudaFinalIntegrate_warp<<>>(cuda_cl_v, cuda_cl_f, cuda_natoms, atom->Nclusters_local, param->dt); #endif //USE_SUPER_CLUSTERS cuda_assert("cudaFinalIntegrate", cudaPeekAtLastError()); cuda_assert("cudaFinalIntegrate", cudaDeviceSynchronize()); }