cc-backend/internal/auth/auth.go

// Copyright (C) NHR@FAU, University Erlangen-Nuremberg.
// All rights reserved. This file is part of cc-backend.
// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// Package auth implements various authentication methods
package auth

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"crypto/rand"
	"database/sql"
	"encoding/base64"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"golang.org/x/time/rate"

	"github.com/ClusterCockpit/cc-backend/internal/config"
	"github.com/ClusterCockpit/cc-backend/internal/repository"
	cclog "github.com/ClusterCockpit/cc-lib/v2/ccLogger"
	"github.com/ClusterCockpit/cc-lib/v2/schema"
	"github.com/ClusterCockpit/cc-lib/v2/util"
	"github.com/gorilla/sessions"
)

// Authenticator is the interface for all authentication methods.
// Each authenticator determines if it can handle a login request (CanLogin)
// and performs the actual authentication (Login).
type Authenticator interface {
	// CanLogin determines if this authenticator can handle the login request.
	// It returns the user object if available and a boolean indicating if this
	// authenticator should attempt the login. This method should not perform
	// expensive operations or actual authentication.
	CanLogin(user *schema.User, username string, rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (*schema.User, bool)

	// Login performs the actually authentication for the user.
	// It returns the authenticated user or an error if authentication fails.
	// The user parameter may be nil if the user doesn't exist in the database yet.
	Login(user *schema.User, rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (*schema.User, error)
}

var (
	initOnce     sync.Once
	authInstance *Authentication
)

// rateLimiterEntry tracks a rate limiter and its last use time for cleanup
type rateLimiterEntry struct {
	limiter  *rate.Limiter
	lastUsed time.Time
}

var ipUserLimiters sync.Map

// getIPUserLimiter returns a rate limiter for the given IP and username combination.
// Rate limiters are created on demand and track 5 attempts per 15 minutes.
func getIPUserLimiter(ip, username string) *rate.Limiter {
	key := ip + ":" + username
	now := time.Now()

	if entry, ok := ipUserLimiters.Load(key); ok {
		rle := entry.(*rateLimiterEntry)
		rle.lastUsed = now
		return rle.limiter
	}

	// More aggressive rate limiting: 5 attempts per 15 minutes
	newLimiter := rate.NewLimiter(rate.Every(15*time.Minute/5), 5)
	ipUserLimiters.Store(key, &rateLimiterEntry{
		limiter:  newLimiter,
		lastUsed: now,
	})
	return newLimiter
}

// cleanupOldRateLimiters removes rate limiters that haven't been used recently
func cleanupOldRateLimiters(olderThan time.Time) {
	ipUserLimiters.Range(func(key, value any) bool {
		entry := value.(*rateLimiterEntry)
		if entry.lastUsed.Before(olderThan) {
			ipUserLimiters.Delete(key)
			cclog.Debugf("Cleaned up rate limiter for %v", key)
		}
		return true
	})
}

// startRateLimiterCleanup starts a background goroutine to clean up old rate limiters
func startRateLimiterCleanup() {
	go func() {
		ticker := time.NewTicker(1 * time.Hour)
		defer ticker.Stop()
		for range ticker.C {
			// Clean up limiters not used in the last 24 hours
			cleanupOldRateLimiters(time.Now().Add(-24 * time.Hour))
		}
	}()
}

// AuthConfig contains configuration for all authentication methods
type AuthConfig struct {
	LdapConfig   *LdapConfig    `json:"ldap"`
	JwtConfig    *JWTAuthConfig `json:"jwts"`
	OpenIDConfig *OpenIDConfig  `json:"oidc"`
}

// Keys holds the global authentication configuration
var Keys AuthConfig

// Authentication manages all authentication methods and session handling
type Authentication struct {
	sessionStore   *sessions.CookieStore
	LdapAuth       *LdapAuthenticator
	JwtAuth        *JWTAuthenticator
	LocalAuth      *LocalAuthenticator
	authenticators []Authenticator
	SessionMaxAge  time.Duration
}

func (auth *Authentication) AuthViaSession(
	rw http.ResponseWriter,
	r *http.Request,
) (*schema.User, error) {
	session, err := auth.sessionStore.Get(r, "session")
	if err != nil {
		cclog.Error("Error while getting session store")
		return nil, err
	}

	if session.IsNew {
		return nil, nil
	}

	// Validate session data with proper type checking
	username, ok := session.Values["username"].(string)
	if !ok || username == "" {
		cclog.Warn("Invalid session: missing or invalid username")
		// Invalidate the corrupted session
		session.Options.MaxAge = -1
		_ = auth.sessionStore.Save(r, rw, session)
		return nil, errors.New("invalid session data")
	}

	projects, ok := session.Values["projects"].([]string)
	if !ok {
		cclog.Warn("Invalid session: projects not found or invalid type, using empty list")
		projects = []string{}
	}

	roles, ok := session.Values["roles"].([]string)
	if !ok || len(roles) == 0 {
		cclog.Warn("Invalid session: missing or invalid roles")
		// Invalidate the corrupted session
		session.Options.MaxAge = -1
		_ = auth.sessionStore.Save(r, rw, session)
		return nil, errors.New("invalid session data")
	}

	return &schema.User{
		Username:   username,
		Projects:   projects,
		Roles:      roles,
		AuthType:   schema.AuthSession,
		AuthSource: -1,
	}, nil
}

func Init(authCfg *json.RawMessage) {
	initOnce.Do(func() {
		authInstance = &Authentication{}

		// Start background cleanup of rate limiters
		startRateLimiterCleanup()

		sessKey := os.Getenv("SESSION_KEY")
		if sessKey == "" {
			cclog.Warn("environment variable 'SESSION_KEY' not set (will use non-persistent random key)")
			bytes := make([]byte, 32)
			if _, err := rand.Read(bytes); err != nil {
				cclog.Fatal("Error while initializing authentication -> failed to generate random bytes for session key")
			}
			authInstance.sessionStore = sessions.NewCookieStore(bytes)
		} else {
			bytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(sessKey)
			if err != nil {
				cclog.Fatal("Error while initializing authentication -> decoding session key failed")
			}
			authInstance.sessionStore = sessions.NewCookieStore(bytes)
		}

		if d, err := time.ParseDuration(config.Keys.SessionMaxAge); err == nil {
			authInstance.SessionMaxAge = d
		}

		if authCfg == nil {
			return
		}

		config.Validate(configSchema, *authCfg)
		dec := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(*authCfg))
		dec.DisallowUnknownFields()
		if err := dec.Decode(&Keys); err != nil {
			cclog.Errorf("error while decoding ldap config: %v", err)
		}

		if Keys.LdapConfig != nil {
			ldapAuth := &LdapAuthenticator{}
			if err := ldapAuth.Init(); err != nil {
				cclog.Warn("Error while initializing authentication -> ldapAuth init failed")
			} else {
				authInstance.LdapAuth = ldapAuth
				authInstance.authenticators = append(authInstance.authenticators, authInstance.LdapAuth)
			}
		} else {
			cclog.Info("Missing LDAP configuration: No LDAP support!")
		}

		if Keys.JwtConfig != nil {
			authInstance.JwtAuth = &JWTAuthenticator{}
			if err := authInstance.JwtAuth.Init(); err != nil {
				cclog.Fatal("Error while initializing authentication -> jwtAuth init failed")
			}

			jwtSessionAuth := &JWTSessionAuthenticator{}
			if err := jwtSessionAuth.Init(); err != nil {
				cclog.Info("jwtSessionAuth init failed: No JWT login support!")
			} else {
				authInstance.authenticators = append(authInstance.authenticators, jwtSessionAuth)
			}

			jwtCookieSessionAuth := &JWTCookieSessionAuthenticator{}
			if err := jwtCookieSessionAuth.Init(); err != nil {
				cclog.Info("jwtCookieSessionAuth init failed: No JWT cookie login support!")
			} else {
				authInstance.authenticators = append(authInstance.authenticators, jwtCookieSessionAuth)
			}
		} else {
			cclog.Info("Missing JWT configuration: No JWT token support!")
		}

		authInstance.LocalAuth = &LocalAuthenticator{}
		if err := authInstance.LocalAuth.Init(); err != nil {
			cclog.Fatal("Error while initializing authentication -> localAuth init failed")
		}
		authInstance.authenticators = append(authInstance.authenticators, authInstance.LocalAuth)
	})
}

func GetAuthInstance() *Authentication {
	if authInstance == nil {
		cclog.Fatal("Authentication module not initialized!")
	}

	return authInstance
}

// handleUserSync syncs or updates a user in the database based on configuration.
// This is used for both JWT and OIDC authentication when syncUserOnLogin or updateUserOnLogin is enabled.
func handleUserSync(user *schema.User, syncUserOnLogin, updateUserOnLogin bool) {
	r := repository.GetUserRepository()
	dbUser, err := r.GetUser(user.Username)

	if err != nil && err != sql.ErrNoRows {
		cclog.Errorf("Error while loading user '%s': %v", user.Username, err)
		return
	}

	if err == sql.ErrNoRows && syncUserOnLogin { // Add new user
		if err := r.AddUser(user); err != nil {
			cclog.Errorf("Error while adding user '%s' to DB: %v", user.Username, err)
		}
	} else if err == nil && updateUserOnLogin { // Update existing user
		if err := r.UpdateUser(dbUser, user); err != nil {
			cclog.Errorf("Error while updating user '%s' in DB: %v", dbUser.Username, err)
		}
	}
}

// handleTokenUser syncs JWT token user with database
func handleTokenUser(tokenUser *schema.User) {
	handleUserSync(tokenUser, Keys.JwtConfig.SyncUserOnLogin, Keys.JwtConfig.UpdateUserOnLogin)
}

// handleOIDCUser syncs OIDC user with database
func handleOIDCUser(OIDCUser *schema.User) {
	handleUserSync(OIDCUser, Keys.OpenIDConfig.SyncUserOnLogin, Keys.OpenIDConfig.UpdateUserOnLogin)
}

func (auth *Authentication) SaveSession(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, user *schema.User) error {
	session, err := auth.sessionStore.New(r, "session")
	if err != nil {
		cclog.Errorf("session creation failed: %s", err.Error())
		http.Error(rw, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return err
	}

	if auth.SessionMaxAge != 0 {
		session.Options.MaxAge = int(auth.SessionMaxAge.Seconds())
	}
	if r.TLS == nil && r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Proto") != "https" {
		// If neither TLS or an encrypted reverse proxy are used, do not mark cookies as secure.
		cclog.Warn("Authenticating with unencrypted request. Session cookies will not have Secure flag set (insecure for production)")
		if r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Proto") == "" {
			// This warning will not be printed if e.g. X-Forwarded-Proto == http
			cclog.Warn("If you are using a reverse proxy, make sure X-Forwarded-Proto is set")
		}
		session.Options.Secure = false
	}
	session.Options.SameSite = http.SameSiteStrictMode
	session.Values["username"] = user.Username
	session.Values["projects"] = user.Projects
	session.Values["roles"] = user.Roles
	if err := auth.sessionStore.Save(r, rw, session); err != nil {
		cclog.Warnf("session save failed: %s", err.Error())
		http.Error(rw, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func (auth *Authentication) Login(
	onfailure func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, loginErr error),
) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		ip, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(r.RemoteAddr)
		if err != nil {
			ip = r.RemoteAddr
		}

		username := r.FormValue("username")

		limiter := getIPUserLimiter(ip, username)
		if !limiter.Allow() {
			cclog.Warnf("AUTH/RATE > Too many login attempts for combination IP: %s, Username: %s", ip, username)
			onfailure(rw, r, errors.New("too many login attempts, try again in a few minutes"))
			return
		}

		var dbUser *schema.User
		if username != "" {
			var err error
			dbUser, err = repository.GetUserRepository().GetUser(username)
			if err != nil && err != sql.ErrNoRows {
				cclog.Errorf("Error while loading user '%v'", username)
			}
		}

		for _, authenticator := range auth.authenticators {
			var ok bool
			var user *schema.User
			if user, ok = authenticator.CanLogin(dbUser, username, rw, r); !ok {
				continue
			} else {
				cclog.Debugf("Can login with user %v", user)
			}

			user, err := authenticator.Login(user, rw, r)
			if err != nil {
				cclog.Warnf("user login failed: %s", err.Error())
				onfailure(rw, r, err)
				return
			}

			if err := auth.SaveSession(rw, r, user); err != nil {
				return
			}

			cclog.Infof("login successfull: user: %#v (roles: %v, projects: %v)", user.Username, user.Roles, user.Projects)
			ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), repository.ContextUserKey, user)

			if r.FormValue("redirect") != "" {
				http.RedirectHandler(r.FormValue("redirect"), http.StatusFound).ServeHTTP(rw, r.WithContext(ctx))
				return
			}

			http.RedirectHandler("/", http.StatusFound).ServeHTTP(rw, r.WithContext(ctx))
			return
		}

		cclog.Debugf("login failed: no authenticator applied")
		onfailure(rw, r, errors.New("no authenticator applied"))
	})
}

func (auth *Authentication) Auth(
	onsuccess http.Handler,
	onfailure func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, authErr error),
) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		user, err := auth.JwtAuth.AuthViaJWT(rw, r)
		if err != nil {
			cclog.Infof("auth -> authentication failed: %s", err.Error())
			http.Error(rw, err.Error(), http.StatusUnauthorized)
			return
		}
		if user == nil {
			user, err = auth.AuthViaSession(rw, r)
			if err != nil {
				cclog.Infof("auth -> authentication failed: %s", err.Error())
				http.Error(rw, err.Error(), http.StatusUnauthorized)
				return
			}
		}
		if user != nil {
			ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), repository.ContextUserKey, user)
			onsuccess.ServeHTTP(rw, r.WithContext(ctx))
			return
		}

		cclog.Info("auth -> authentication failed")
		onfailure(rw, r, errors.New("unauthorized (please login first)"))
	})
}

func (auth *Authentication) AuthAPI(
	onsuccess http.Handler,
	onfailure func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, authErr error),
) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		user, err := auth.JwtAuth.AuthViaJWT(rw, r)
		if err != nil {
			cclog.Infof("auth api -> authentication failed: %s", err.Error())
			onfailure(rw, r, err)
			return
		}

		ipErr := securedCheck(user, r)
		if ipErr != nil {
			cclog.Infof("auth api -> secured check failed: %s", ipErr.Error())
			onfailure(rw, r, ipErr)
			return
		}

		if user != nil {
			switch {
			case len(user.Roles) == 1:
				if user.HasRole(schema.RoleApi) {
					ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), repository.ContextUserKey, user)
					onsuccess.ServeHTTP(rw, r.WithContext(ctx))
					return
				}
			case len(user.Roles) >= 2:
				if user.HasAllRoles([]schema.Role{schema.RoleAdmin, schema.RoleApi}) {
					ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), repository.ContextUserKey, user)
					onsuccess.ServeHTTP(rw, r.WithContext(ctx))
					return
				}
			default:
				cclog.Info("auth api -> authentication failed: missing role")
				onfailure(rw, r, errors.New("unauthorized"))
			}
		}
		cclog.Info("auth api -> authentication failed: no auth")
		onfailure(rw, r, errors.New("unauthorized"))
	})
}

func (auth *Authentication) AuthUserAPI(
	onsuccess http.Handler,
	onfailure func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, authErr error),
) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		user, err := auth.JwtAuth.AuthViaJWT(rw, r)
		if err != nil {
			cclog.Infof("auth user api -> authentication failed: %s", err.Error())
			onfailure(rw, r, err)
			return
		}

		if user != nil {
			switch {
			case len(user.Roles) == 1:
				if user.HasRole(schema.RoleApi) {
					ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), repository.ContextUserKey, user)
					onsuccess.ServeHTTP(rw, r.WithContext(ctx))
					return
				}
			case len(user.Roles) >= 2:
				if user.HasRole(schema.RoleApi) && user.HasAnyRole([]schema.Role{schema.RoleUser, schema.RoleManager, schema.RoleSupport, schema.RoleAdmin}) {
					ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), repository.ContextUserKey, user)
					onsuccess.ServeHTTP(rw, r.WithContext(ctx))
					return
				}
			default:
				cclog.Info("auth user api -> authentication failed: missing role")
				onfailure(rw, r, errors.New("unauthorized"))
			}
		}
		cclog.Info("auth user api -> authentication failed: no auth")
		onfailure(rw, r, errors.New("unauthorized"))
	})
}

func (auth *Authentication) AuthMetricStoreAPI(
	onsuccess http.Handler,
	onfailure func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, authErr error),
) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		user, err := auth.JwtAuth.AuthViaJWT(rw, r)
		if err != nil {
			cclog.Infof("auth metricstore api -> authentication failed: %s", err.Error())
			onfailure(rw, r, err)
			return
		}

		if user != nil {
			switch {
			case len(user.Roles) == 1:
				if user.HasRole(schema.RoleApi) {
					ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), repository.ContextUserKey, user)
					onsuccess.ServeHTTP(rw, r.WithContext(ctx))
					return
				}
			case len(user.Roles) >= 2:
				if user.HasRole(schema.RoleApi) && user.HasAnyRole([]schema.Role{schema.RoleUser, schema.RoleManager, schema.RoleAdmin}) {
					ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), repository.ContextUserKey, user)
					onsuccess.ServeHTTP(rw, r.WithContext(ctx))
					return
				}
			default:
				cclog.Info("auth metricstore api -> authentication failed: missing role")
				onfailure(rw, r, errors.New("unauthorized"))
			}
		}
		cclog.Info("auth metricstore api -> authentication failed: no auth")
		onfailure(rw, r, errors.New("unauthorized"))
	})
}

func (auth *Authentication) AuthConfigAPI(
	onsuccess http.Handler,
	onfailure func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, authErr error),
) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		user, err := auth.AuthViaSession(rw, r)
		if err != nil {
			cclog.Infof("auth config api -> authentication failed: %s", err.Error())
			onfailure(rw, r, err)
			return
		}
		if user != nil && user.HasRole(schema.RoleAdmin) {
			ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), repository.ContextUserKey, user)
			onsuccess.ServeHTTP(rw, r.WithContext(ctx))
			return
		}
		cclog.Info("auth config api -> authentication failed: no auth")
		onfailure(rw, r, errors.New("unauthorized"))
	})
}

func (auth *Authentication) AuthFrontendAPI(
	onsuccess http.Handler,
	onfailure func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, authErr error),
) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		user, err := auth.AuthViaSession(rw, r)
		if err != nil {
			cclog.Infof("auth frontend api -> authentication failed: %s", err.Error())
			onfailure(rw, r, err)
			return
		}
		if user != nil {
			ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), repository.ContextUserKey, user)
			onsuccess.ServeHTTP(rw, r.WithContext(ctx))
			return
		}
		cclog.Info("auth frontend api -> authentication failed: no auth")
		onfailure(rw, r, errors.New("unauthorized"))
	})
}

func (auth *Authentication) Logout(onsuccess http.Handler) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		session, err := auth.sessionStore.Get(r, "session")
		if err != nil {
			http.Error(rw, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
			return
		}

		if !session.IsNew {
			session.Options.MaxAge = -1
			if err := auth.sessionStore.Save(r, rw, session); err != nil {
				http.Error(rw, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
				return
			}
		}

		onsuccess.ServeHTTP(rw, r)
	})
}

// Helper Moved To MiddleWare Auth Handlers
func securedCheck(user *schema.User, r *http.Request) error {
	if user == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("no user for secured check")
	}

	// extract IP address for checking
	IPAddress := r.Header.Get("X-Real-Ip")
	if IPAddress == "" {
		IPAddress = r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For")
	}
	if IPAddress == "" {
		IPAddress = r.RemoteAddr
	}

	// Handle both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses properly
	// For IPv6, this will strip the port and brackets
	// For IPv4, this will strip the port
	if host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(IPAddress); err == nil {
		IPAddress = host
	}
	// If SplitHostPort fails, IPAddress is already just a host (no port)

	// If nothing declared in config: Continue
	if len(config.Keys.APIAllowedIPs) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	// If wildcard declared in config: Continue
	if config.Keys.APIAllowedIPs[0] == "*" {
		return nil
	}
	// check if IP is allowed
	if !util.Contains(config.Keys.APIAllowedIPs, IPAddress) {
		return fmt.Errorf("unknown ip: %v", IPAddress)
	}

	return nil
}